Thursday, June 27, 2013

Threads: Implementing Runnable or Extending Thread

I was thinking to improve my threading fundamentals, so I planned to make few notes for myself that will assist me in future (Obviously at the time of Interviews). Following questions and answers have been taken from stackoverflow.com. This post is a sticky notes post for me.

Thread can be instantiate with 2 different ways. You can create a class by either implementing Runnable interface or extending Thread class.

public class RunnableImpl implements Runnable {
                public void run() {                      
                                // TODO Write something here.
                }
}

public class SubThread extends Thread {
                public void run() {
                                //TODO  Write something here
                }
}

When java has provided various ways of implementation, then where these implementations should be used. Which is more commonly and beneficial implementation among two?

1.  One basic difference between these two approaches is when class is using an interface then it has the freedom to extend any other class. So RunnableImpl class may have multiple functionalities. Whereas when class extends thread class, then it is bound to function as Thread only.

      2. When class is implementing Runnable interface, then this class can act as a nonthreading instance.
At the start application used to perform in the manner mentioned below.

public class ExecuteRun{
                public static void main(String[] args) {
                                Thread runImpl = new Thread(new RunnableImpl());
                                runImpl.start();
                }
}

But for some strange reasons, it was decided to get rids of multithreading implementation. In this case the following code can be changed to the following.

public class ExecuteRun{
                public static void main(String[] args) {
                                new RunnableImpl().run();
                }
}

On forcing our mind to work, we will say it is possible to do with Thread implementation as well, then why we preferred it over other.
It was preferred because Java 1.4 caused a memory leak when Thread was started with Run method instead Start method.
Though this issue has been resolved in Java 5 and higher versions, but people still prefer other implementation practice.

3. Other important reason to use Runnable is the flexibility to use concurrency API introduced in Java 5. Runnable allows to keep work loosely coupled with desired concurrency.

Caveat: Around here, I strongly discourage the use of raw Threads. I much prefer the use of Callablesand FutureTasks (From the javadoc: "A cancellable asynchronous computation"). The integration of timeouts, proper cancelling and the thread pooling of the modern concurrency support are all much more useful to me than piles of raw Threads.

Follow-up: there is a FutureTask constructor that allows you to use Runnables (if that's what you are most comfortable with) and still get the benefit of the modern concurrency tools. To quote the javadoc: If you don't need a particular result, consider using constructions of the form:Future<?> f = new FutureTask<Object>(runnable, null)

So, if we replace their runnable with your threadA, we get the following:

new FutureTask<Object>(threadA, null)

Another option that allows you to stay closer to Runnables is a ThreadPoolExecutor. You can use theexecute method to pass in a Runnable to execute "the given task sometime in the future."
If you'd like to try using a thread pool, the code fragment above would become something like the following (using the Executors.newCachedThreadPool() factory method):

ExecutorService es = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
es.execute(new ThreadA());

4. One significant difference between Thread and Runnable is the sharing of resources. In case of Runnable implementation, one resource can be shared with multiple instances whereas it is not possible with thread implementation. (I will try to find some appropriate example here soon)

Such a huge discussion boils down on the following point.

Subclass must extend a class only if it overrides methods other than Run method, otherwise it is beneficial to implement an interface in the class.

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